精萘作為重要的化工原料，廣泛用于染料、醫(yī)藥及防蛀劑生產(chǎn)，但其易燃、有毒的特性對泄漏處理提出嚴格要求。一旦發(fā)生泄漏，需立即啟動應急預案，結(jié)合物理吸附、化學中和及專業(yè)處置技術(shù)，最大限度降低環(huán)境風險與人員傷害。

　　Naphthalene, as an important chemical raw material, is widely used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides. However, its flammable and toxic properties impose strict requirements on leak treatment. Once a leak occurs, the emergency plan should be immediately activated, combined with physical adsorption, chemical neutralization, and professional disposal techniques to minimize environmental risks and personnel injuries.

　　一、泄漏初步評估與人員防護

　　1、 Preliminary assessment of leakage and personnel protection

　　風險分級：

　　Risk classification:

　　根據(jù)泄漏量劃分等級：少量泄漏（＜1L）啟動二級響應，大量泄漏（≥1L）需一級響應并聯(lián)動消防、環(huán)保部門。

　　According to the leakage level, a second level response is initiated for small leaks (<1L), and a first level response is required for large leaks (≥ 1L), in conjunction with fire and environmental protection departments.

　　使用氣體檢測儀監(jiān)測現(xiàn)場可燃氣體濃度，當體積分數(shù)超1.5%時，嚴禁明火及非防爆設(shè)備。

　　Use a gas detector to monitor the concentration of combustible gases on site. When the volume fraction exceeds 1.5%, open flames and non explosion proof equipment are strictly prohibited.

　　防護裝備：

　　Protective equipment:

　　應急人員需穿戴A級防護服，包括正壓式空氣呼吸器、防化手套及防靜電靴。

　　Emergency personnel are required to wear A-level protective clothing, including positive pressure air respirators, chemical resistant gloves, and anti-static boots.

　　皮膚接觸者需立即用清水沖洗15分鐘，并脫去污染衣物，避免擦拭導致吸收加劇。

　　Skin contact individuals should immediately rinse with clean water for 15 minutes and remove contaminated clothing to avoid wiping and exacerbating absorption.

　　二、泄漏源控制與圍堵

　　2、 Leakage source control and containment

　　切斷泄漏途徑：

　　Cut off the leakage pathway:

　　關(guān)閉泄漏容器閥門，若為管道泄漏，使用專用卡箍或木楔封堵，禁止直接用水沖刷。

　　Close the valve of the leaking container. If it is a pipeline leak, use specialized clamps or wooden wedges to seal it. It is forbidden to directly flush it with water.

　　對儲罐底部泄漏，可構(gòu)筑環(huán)形圍堰，高度不低于20cm，防止擴散至排水系統(tǒng)。

　　For leakage at the bottom of the storage tank, a circular cofferdam can be constructed with a height of not less than 20cm to prevent it from spreading to the drainage system.

　　吸附材料選擇：

　　Adsorption material selection:

　　優(yōu)先使用蛭石、硅藻土等惰性吸附劑，按1:1比例覆蓋泄漏物，避免使用易燃的鋸末或棉紗。

　　Prioritize the use of inert adsorbents such as vermiculite and diatomaceous earth, cover the leaked material in a 1:1 ratio, and avoid using flammable sawdust or cotton yarn.

　　對下水道、裂縫等隱蔽區(qū)域，注入聚氨酯泡沫膨脹封堵，防止?jié)B透污染地下水。

　　For concealed areas such as sewers and cracks, polyurethane foam shall be injected for expansion and plugging to prevent groundwater from being polluted by infiltration.

　　三、泄漏物回收與處置

　　3、 Leakage recovery and disposal

　　機械回收：

　　Mechanical recycling:

　　采用防爆型真空吸污車抽取液態(tài)精萘，抽吸管需接地防靜電，抽吸壓力控制在0.05MPa以下。

　　An explosion-proof vacuum suction truck is used to extract liquid refined naphthalene, and the suction tube needs to be grounded and anti-static, with a suction pressure controlled below 0.05 MPa.

　　固態(tài)殘留物用銅鏟或塑料鏟轉(zhuǎn)移至廣口塑料桶，桶身標注“危險廢物”并密封。

　　Solid residues are transferred to wide mouth plastic drums using copper or plastic shovels, with the drum labeled as "hazardous waste" and sealed.

　　化學中和：

　　Chemical neutralization:

　　對微量殘留，噴灑30%氫氧化鈉溶液形成覆蓋層，反應生成水溶性萘鈉鹽，降低揮發(fā)性。

　　For trace residues, spray a 30% sodium hydroxide solution to form a cover layer, react to generate water-soluble naphthalene sodium salt, and reduce volatility.

　　中和后廢液需用pH試紙檢測，確保pH值在6-9范圍內(nèi)方可進入廢水處理系統(tǒng)。

　　After neutralization, the waste liquid needs to be tested with pH test paper to ensure that the pH value is within the range of 6-9 before entering the wastewater treatment system.

　　四、現(xiàn)場洗消與監(jiān)測

　　4、 On site disinfection and monitoring

　　設(shè)備洗消：

　　Equipment cleaning:

　　使用5%碳酸鈉溶液擦拭受污染設(shè)備，再用清水沖洗三遍，檢測洗消廢水COD值＜100mg/L后排放。

　　Wipe the contaminated equipment with a 5% sodium carbonate solution, rinse it three times with clean water, and discharge the wastewater after testing for COD value<100mg/L.

　　防化服需用2%磷酸三鈉溶液浸泡2小時，清水漂洗后通風晾干。

　　Chemical protective clothing needs to be soaked in a 2% trisodium phosphate solution for 2 hours, rinsed with water, and then ventilated to dry.

　　環(huán)境監(jiān)測：

　　Environmental monitoring:

　　泄漏區(qū)域每2小時進行一次空氣采樣，檢測萘蒸氣濃度，連續(xù)48小時達標后方可解除警戒。

　　Air sampling should be conducted every 2 hours in the leakage area to detect the concentration of naphthalene vapor. The alert can only be lifted after reaching the standard for 48 consecutive hours.

　　對周邊土壤分層取樣，0-20cm表層土需用熱脫附技術(shù)處理，深層土如未受污染可回填。

　　Stratified sampling of surrounding soil is required. The 0-20cm surface soil needs to be treated with thermal desorption technology, while the deep soil can be backfilled if it is not contaminated.

　　五、醫(yī)療救護與后續(xù)觀察

　　5、 Medical rescue and follow-up observation

　　癥狀處置：

　　Symptom management:

　　吸入者出現(xiàn)頭暈、惡心癥狀時，立即轉(zhuǎn)移至通風處，給予5%葡萄糖鹽水靜脈注射。

　　When the inhaler experiences dizziness or nausea, immediately transfer to a well ventilated area and administer intravenous injection of 5% glucose saline solution.

　　眼接觸者用生理鹽水沖洗至少10分鐘，禁用激素類滴眼液。

　　Eye contact should be rinsed with physiological saline for at least 10 minutes, and steroid eye drops should be avoided.

　　健康跟蹤：

　　Health tracking:

　　對暴露人員建立健康檔案，72小時內(nèi)每日監(jiān)測血常規(guī)、尿常規(guī)及肝功能指標。

　　Establish health records for exposed individuals and monitor blood routine, urine routine, and liver function indicators daily within 72 hours.

　　孕婦及慢性呼吸道疾病患者需延長觀察期至14天，并接受低流量吸氧治療。

　　Pregnant women and patients with chronic respiratory diseases need to extend the observation period to 14 days and receive low flow oxygen therapy.

　　六、事故調(diào)查與預防改進

　　6、 Accident Investigation and Prevention Improvement

　　原因分析：

　　Cause analysis:

　　重點檢查儲罐腐蝕情況，使用超聲波測厚儀檢測罐體壁厚，壁厚＜3mm時需強制報廢。

　　Focus on inspecting the corrosion of the storage tank and use an ultrasonic thickness gauge to measure the wall thickness of the tank. If the wall thickness is less than 3mm, it must be forcibly scrapped.

　　審查裝卸作業(yè)SOP，確保鶴管對接時間控制在5分鐘內(nèi)，減少揮發(fā)風險。

　　Review the SOP for loading and unloading operations to ensure that the docking time of the crane tube is controlled within 5 minutes, reducing the risk of volatilization.

　　應急演練：

　　Emergency drill:

　　每半年組織一次無腳本泄漏演練，模擬夜間、雨天等復雜場景，提升協(xié)同響應能力。

　　Organize a script free leak drill every six months to simulate complex scenarios such as nighttime and rainy days, and enhance collaborative response capabilities.

　　對演練中發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題，72小時內(nèi)完成整改并更新應急預案。

　　Rectify and update the emergency plan within 72 hours for any issues discovered during the drill.

　　精萘泄漏處理需兼顧效率與安全，從源頭控制到末端治理形成閉環(huán)。通過科學選材、規(guī)范操作及持續(xù)監(jiān)測，可有效控制泄漏危害，保障人員安全與環(huán)境清潔。

　　The treatment of refined naphthalene leakage needs to balance efficiency and safety, forming a closed loop from source control to end of pipe treatment. Through scientific selection, standardized operation, and continuous monitoring, leakage hazards can be effectively controlled, ensuring personnel safety and environmental cleanliness.

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